基于Nginx的http_sssl_cert双向认证配置

背景

HTTPS是工作于SSL层之上的HTTP协议，SSL（安全套接层）工作于TCP层之上，向应用层提供了两个基本安全服务：认证和保密。SSL有三个子协议：握手协议，记录协议和警报协议。其中握手协议实现服务器与客户端的认证与密钥交换，记录协议进行数据加密并保证数据的完整性，警报协议则规定了错误类型和处理机制。

流程

认证流程

单向认证

客户端发起建立HTTPS连接请求，将SSL协议版本的信息发送给服务器端；
服务器端将本机的公钥证书（server.crt）发送给客户端；
客户端读取公钥证书（server.crt），取出了服务端公钥；
客户端生成一个随机数（密钥R），用刚才得到的服务器公钥去加密这个随机数形成密文，发送给服务端；
服务端用自己的私钥（server.key）去解密这个密文，得到了密钥R
服务端和客户端在后续通讯过程中就使用这个密钥R进行通信了。

如图为单向认证流程

双向认证

客户端发起建立HTTPS连接请求，将SSL协议版本的信息发送给服务端；
服务器端将本机的公钥证书(server.crt)发送给客户端；
客户端读取公钥证书(server.crt)，取出了服务端公钥；
客户端将客户端公钥证书(client.crt)发送给服务器端；
服务器端使用根证书(root.crt)解密客户端公钥证书，拿到客户端公钥；
客户端发送自己支持的加密方案给服务器端；
服务器端根据自己和客户端的能力，选择一个双方都能接受的加密方案，使用客户端的公钥加密8. 后发送给客户端；
客户端使用自己的私钥解密加密方案，生成一个随机数R，使用服务器公钥加密后传给服务器端；
服务端用自己的私钥去解密这个密文，得到了密钥R
服务端和客户端在后续通讯过程中就使用这个密钥R进行通信了。

如图为双向认证流程

生成

自签名证书生成

1.ca证书生成(ca私钥)

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mkdir /etc/nginx/keys/
cd /etc/nginx/keys/
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 4096

2.ca数字证书生成
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openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key ca.key -out ca.crt
信息Common name 填写域名或ip地址，其余随意填写

用 CA 私钥签发 server 的数字证书

1	openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 3650

1. 生成客户端的私钥与证书
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  openssl genrsa -out client.key 4096
1. 生成客户端数字证书
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  openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
  信息与ca保持一致

openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr

1	openssl x509 -req -in client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out client.crt -days 3650

Nginx配置

安装nginx并启用ssl模块

nginx配置文件如下：

server {
        listen 443;
        server_name localhost;
        ssl on;
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/keys/server.crt;#配置证书位置
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/keys/server.key;#配置秘钥位置
        ssl_client_certificate /etc/nginx/keys/ca.crt;#双向认证
        ssl_verify_client on; #双向认证
        ssl_session_timeout 5m;
        ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; #按照这个协议配置
        ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE; #按照这个套件配置
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        root html;
        index index.html;
        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }
}

在测试前重新nginx

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nginx -t
nginx -v
nginx -s reload

测试

java测试

代码如下

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
public class HttpClientWithClientCert {
    private final static String PFX_PATH = "/Users/fred/temp/cert5/client.p12";    //客户端证书路径
    private final static String PFX_PWD = "123456";    //客户端证书密码
    public static String sslRequestGet(String url) throws Exception {
        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
        InputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File(PFX_PATH));
        try {
            keyStore.load(instream, PFX_PWD.toCharArray());
        } finally {
            instream.close();
        }
        SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadKeyMaterial(keyStore, PFX_PWD.toCharArray()).build();
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext
                , new String[] { "TLSv1" }    // supportedProtocols ,这里可以按需要设置
                , null    // supportedCipherSuites
                , SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
        try {
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
            //httpget.addHeader("host", "integration-fred2.fredhuang.com");// 设置一些heander等
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
            try {
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                String jsonStr = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");//返回结果
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);
                return jsonStr;
            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } finally {
            httpclient.close();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.home"));
        System.out.println(sslRequestGet("https://integration-fred2.fredhuang.com"));
    }
}

测试方法如下

1 2	cd $JAVA_HOME sudo ./bin/keytool -import -alias ttt -keystore cacerts -file /Users/fred/temp/cert5/server.crt

curl 工具测试

demo
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curl -v

test

1	curl --cacert ca.crt --cert client.crt --key client.key --tlsv1.2 https://192.168.0.162

detail

#--cert指定客户端公钥证书的路径
#--key指定客户端私钥文件的路径
#-k 使用本参数不校验证书的合法性，因为我们用的是自签名证书
#可以使用-v来观察具体的SSL握手过程
curl --cert ./client.crt --key ./client.key https://integration-fred2.fredhuang.com -k -v
* Rebuilt URL to: https://47.93.XX.XX/
*   Trying 47.93.XX.XX...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 47.93.XX.XX (47.93.XX.XX) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* Cipher selection: ALL:!EXPORT:!EXPORT40:!EXPORT56:!aNULL:!LOW:!RC4:@STRENGTH
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
*   CAfile: /etc/ssl/cert.pem
  CApath: none
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Request CERT (13):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
* ALPN, server accepted to use http/1.1
* Server certificate:
*  subject: C=CN; ST=BJ; L=BJ; O=Alibaba; OU=Test; CN=integration-fred2.fredhuang.com; emailAddress=a@alibaba.com
*  start date: Nov  2 01:01:34 2019 GMT
*  expire date: Oct 30 01:01:34 2029 GMT
*  issuer: C=CN; ST=BJ; L=BJ; O=Alibaba; OU=Test; CN=root; emailAddress=a@alibaba.com
*  SSL certificate verify result: unable to get local issuer certificate (20), continuing anyway.
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> host:integration-fred2.fredhuang.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.17.5
< Date: Sat, 02 Nov 2019 02:39:43 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 612
< Last-Modified: Wed, 30 Oct 2019 11:29:45 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< ETag: "5db97429-264"
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
<
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
* Connection #0 to host 47.93.XX.XX left intact